GPAT 360

Pharmaceutical Analysis is one of the interesting subjects in Pharmacy. Knowing how the analysis of compounds is carried out and what actually happens at molecular levels is really interesting.  The answers of questions like 'what happens at molecular levels?', 'What exactly happens when a compound is exposed to various radiations/chemicals during analysis?' are given in the principles of every analytical tool.  Mainly, we need to focus on the principles of analytical methods while preparing for GPAT. Important points you need to focus on while preparing for Pharmaceutical Analysis: (Click on the following topics to read article) 1. Principles (In detail), Instrumentation (parts of the instruments and their role) and applications of -- Ultraviolet (UV-Visible) Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy Mass spectrometry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Fluorimetry and Flame Photometry Potentiometry, Conductometry and Polarography X-ray Diffracti

Microencapsulation Microencapsulation is the process by which tiny liquid droplets or solid particles are suspended or coated with a continuous film of polymeric material. Product known as: microcapsules Size : micrometer to millimeter (<1mm) Mononuclear microcapsule Parts of microcapsules: 1. Intrinsic part (inner): Core: contains active ingredient. 2. Extrinsic part (outer): Shell: comprises polymeric material. The shell protects the core from external atmospheres. Core material exists in the form of either a solid, liquid and gas. Core materials --> solutions, suspensions, emulsions. Core material and shell materials should be compatible with each other. Morphology of microcapsules: Mononuclear microcapsules: contain the shell around core. polynuclear microcapsules: contain many cores within a shell. Matrix microcapsules: core material is evenly distributed inside shell material. i.e. API (drug, core) is dispersed in shell (polymer). p